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SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

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INTRODUCTION OF DEVELOPMENT From the start, kids figure out how to connect with people by smiling, touching, or talking. As they age, things like playing together, giving things away, taking turns, and making up after fights help shape their skills. Getting along with others isn’t built in one moment - it grows slowly over time. When children do well in social settings, they often feel more sure of themselves, notice others’ feelings, manage emotions better, then perform stronger later in school and friendships. THEORIES OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Several major theories explain social development: 1. Erik Erikson – Psychosocial Theory • Emphasize emotional and social development across life stages. • Example: Preschool children experience initiative vs guilt by trying new activities and  interacting with others. 2. Lev Vygotsky – Sociocultural Theory • Learning occurs through social interaction. • Adults and peers support children’s development. 3. Jean Piaget – Co...
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

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  INTRODUCTION Another important phase of cognitive development is the early childhood, which determines much about how children think, make sense of the world and develop their ideas. This early stage lays the basis for subsequent learning, reasoning and problem-solving skills. Knowing how young children think and learn can help us create environments for learning that support the cognitive development of the youngest learners; ignite curiosity, inquiry, and a love of learning; and build foundations for success in school. What Is Cognitive Development? Cognitive development is the development of a child’s thinking, reasoning, analyze and understanding skills. It encompasses functions such as attention, memory, reasoning, language learning, and the ability to process information. Such capabilities develop quickly in young children, commonly in the first few years of life until approximately eight years of age. And most kids don’t develop these all at once. Instead, cognition develo...
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EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

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  INTRODUCTION Emotional development refers to how children understand, express, and manage their feelings, as well as how they learn to relate to others. It develops gradually from infancy through adolescence and is influenced by family, teachers, peers, and experiences. TIMETABLE Erik Erikson believed that people develop through 8 stages across the lifespan. Each stage involves a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved. How well a person resolves each crisis affects their personality, behaviour, and emotional health. BEHAVIOURAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY OVERVIEW Behavioural Development Theory focuses on how behaviour is learned and influenced by the environment. It emphasizes observable behaviours rather than internal thoughts or feelings. The theory is rooted in behaviourism, a school of psychology that suggests all behaviours are acquired through conditioning. Theory of Mind is the ability to understand that other people have their own thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and perspectives,...
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